What term refers to the number of children being born as a factor influencing population growth?

The correct term for the number of children being born as a factor influencing population growth is "Natural Growth." This term encompasses the concept of natural population change, which includes the birth rate (number of live births) and the death rate (number of deaths) in a population. When the birth rate exceeds the death rate, the population experiences natural growth. This metric reflects how the population is increasing due to new births, distinguishing it from migration factors such as emigration or immigration.

Emigration refers to the process of individuals leaving one country to live in another, which can impact the overall population size but does not directly relate to the birth rate. Population shift refers to changes in population distribution across different regions or demographics due to various factors, including migration, rather than the actual number of births. Demographic transition describes the stages that a population goes through as it develops, often involving changes in birth and death rates, but it does not singularly focus on the number of children being born. Thus, "Natural Growth" is the most accurate term to identify the impact of birth rates on overall population growth.